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【python學習】python連接數據庫實例
python連接MySQL、MongoDB、redis、memcache等數據庫的方法
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一，python 操作 MySQL:詳情見：
【apt-get install python-mysqldb】
代碼如下:
#!/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
import MySQLdb
import os
#建立和數據庫系統的連接，格式
#conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='123456',db='test',port=3306,charset='utf8')
#指定配置文件，確定目錄,或則寫絕對路徑
cwd = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
db_conf = os.path.join(cwd, 'db.conf')
conn = MySQLdb.connect(read_default_file=db_conf,host='localhost',db='test',port=3306,charset='utf8')
#要執行的sql語句
query = 'select id from t1'
#獲取操作游標
cursor = conn.cursor()
#執行SQL
cursor.execute(query)
#獲取一條記錄,每條記錄做為一個元組返回,返回3，游標指到第2條記錄。
result1 = cursor.fetchone()
for i in result1:
print i
#返回影響的行數
print cursor.rowcount
#獲取指定數量記錄,每條記錄做為一個元組返回,返回1，2，游標從第2條記錄開始，游標指到第4條記錄。
result2 = cursor.fetchmany(2)
for i in result2:
for ii in i:
print ii
#獲取所有記錄,每條記錄做為一個元組返回,返回3，4，7，6,游標從第4條記錄開始到最后。
result3 = cursor.fetchall()
for i in result3:
for ii in i:
print ii
#獲取所有記錄,每條記錄做為一個元組返回,返回3，4，7，6,游標從第1條記錄開始
#重置游標位置，0為偏移量，mode＝absolute | relative,默認為relative
cursor.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
result3 = cursor.fetchall()
for i in result3:
for ii in i:
print ii
#以下2種方法都可以把數據插入數據庫：
#(one)
for i in range (10,20):
query2 = 'insert into t1 values("%d",now())' %i
cursor.execute(query2)
#提交
conn.rollback()
#(two)
rows = []
for i in range (10,20):
rows.append(i)
query2 = 'insert into t1 values("%s",now())'
#executemany 2個參數,第2個參數是變量。
cursor.executemany(query2,rows)
#提交
conn.commit()
#選擇數據庫
query3 = 'select id from dba_hospital'
#重新選擇數據庫
conn.select_db('chushihua')
cursor.execute(query3)
result4 = cursor.fetchall()
for i in result4:
for ii in i:
print ii
#不定義query，直接執行：
cursor.execute("set session binlog_format='mixed'")
#關閉游標，釋放資源
cursor.close()
'''
+------+---------------------+
| id | modifyT |
+------+---------------------+
| 3 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 1 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 2 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 3 | 2010-01-01 00:00:00 |
| 4 | 2013-06-04 17:04:54 |
| 7 | 2013-06-04 17:05:36 |
| 6 | 2013-06-04 17:05:17 |
+------+---------------------+
'''注意：在腳本中，密碼寫在腳本里面很容易暴露，這樣可以用一個配置文件的方式來存密碼，如db.conf：
復制代碼 代碼如下:
[client]
user=root
password=123456
二，python 操作 MongoDB:
代碼如下:
#!/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
import pymongo
import os
#建立和數據庫系統的連接,創建Connection時，指定host及port參數
conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
#admin 數據庫有帳號，連接-認證-切換庫
db_auth = conn.admin
db_auth.authenticate('sa','sa')
#連接數據庫
db = conn.abc
#連接表
collection = db.stu
#查看全部表名稱
db.collection_names()
#print db.collection_names()
#訪問表的數據，指定列
item = collection.find({},{"sname":1,"course":1,"_id":0})
for rows in item:
print rows.values()
#訪問表的一行數據
print collection.find_one()
#得到所有的列
for rows in collection.find_one():
print rows
#插入
collection.insert({"sno":100,"sname":"jl","course":{"D":80,"S":85}})
#或
u = dict(sno=102,sname='zjjj',course={"D":80,"S":85})
collection.insert(u)
#得到行數
print collection.find().count()
print collection.find({"sno":100})
#排序，按照某一列的值。pymongo.DESCENDING:倒序；pymongo.ASCENDING:升序。按照sno倒序
item = collection.find().sort('sno',pymongo.DESCENDING)
for rows in item:
print rows.values()
#多列排序
item = collection.find().sort([('sno',pymongo.DESCENDING),('A',pymongo.ASCENDING)])
#更新，第一個參數是條件，第二個參數是更新操作，$set,%inc,$push,$ne,$addToSet,$rename 等
collection.update({"sno":100},{"$set":{"sno":101}})
#更新多行和多列
collection.update({"sno":102},{"$set":{"sno":105,"sname":"SSSS"}},multi=True)
#刪除，第一個參數是條件，第二個參數是刪除操作。
collection.remove({"sno":101})
'''
sno:學號；sname：姓名；course：科目
db.stu.insert({"sno":1,"sname":"張三","course":{"A":95,"B":90,"C":65,"D":74,"E":100}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":2,"sname":"李四","course":{"A":90,"B":85,"X":75,"Y":64,"Z":95}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":3,"sname":"趙五","course":{"A":70,"B":56,"F":85,"G":84,"H":80}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":4,"sname":"zhoujy","course":{"A":64,"B":60,"C":95,"T":94,"Y":85}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":5,"sname":"abc","course":{"A":87,"B":70,"Z":56,"G":54,"H":75}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":6,"sname":"楊六","course":{"A":65,"U":80,"C":78,"R":75,"N":90}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":7,"sname":"陳二","course":{"A":95,"M":68,"N":84,"S":79,"K":89}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":8,"sname":"zhoujj","course":{"P":90,"B":77,"J":85,"K":68,"L":80}})
db.stu.insert({"sno":9,"sname":"ccc","course":{"Q":85,"B":86,"C":90,"V":87,"U":85}})
'''計算Mongodb文檔中各集合的數目：
代碼如下:
import pymongo
conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
db = conn.abc #abc文檔
for tb_name in db.collection_names(): #循環出各集合名
Count = db[tb_name].count() #計算各集合的數量
if Count > 2: #過濾條件
print tb_name + ':' + str(Count)
'''
conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
db = conn.abc
for tb_name in db.collection_names():
print tb_name + ':'
exec('print ' + 'db.'+tb_name+'.count()') #變量當集合的處理方式
OR
conn = pymongo.Connection(host='127.0.0.1',port=27017)
db = conn.abc
for tb_name in db.collection_names():
mon_dic=db.command("collStats", tb_name) #以字典形式返回
print mon_dic.get('ns'),mon_dic.get('count')
'''三，python 操作 Redis:
代碼如下:
#!/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
import redis
f = open('aa.txt')
while True:
line = f.readline().strip().split(' # ')
if line == ['']:
break
UserName,Pwd,Email = line
# print name.strip(),pwd.strip(),email.strip()
rc = redis.StrictRedis(host='127.0.0.1',port=6379,db=15)
rc.hset('Name:' + UserName,'Email',Email)
rc.hset('Name:' + UserName,'Password',Pwd)
f.close()
alluser = rc.keys('*')
#print alluser
print "===================================讀出存進去的數據==================================="
for user in alluser:
print ' # '.join((user.split(':')[1],rc.hget(user,'Password'),rc.hget(user,'Email')))四，python 操作 memcache:
代碼如下:
import memcache mc = memcache.Client(['127.0.0.1:11211'],debug=1)
代碼如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import MySQLdb
import memcache
import sys
import time
def get_data(mysql_conn):
# nn = raw_input("press string name:")
mc = memcache.Client(['127.0.0.1:11211'],debug=1)
t1 =time.time()
value = mc.get('zhoujinyia')
if value == None:
t1 = time.time()
print t1
query = "select company,email,sex,address from uc_user_offline where realName = 'zhoujinyia'"
cursor= mysql_conn.cursor()
cursor.execute(query)
item = cursor.fetchone()
t2 = time.time()
print t2
t = round(t2-t1)
print "from mysql cost %s sec" %t
print item
mc.set('zhoujinyia',item,60)
else :
t2 = time.time()
t=round(t2-t1)
print "from memcache cost %s sec" %t
print value
if __name__ =='__main__':
mysql_conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='123456',db='member',port=3306,charset='utf8')
get_data(mysql_conn)
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